Top 50 Software Startup Investors in United Kingdom (May 2026)

Portfolio highlights

• Sylvera — Sylvera Carbon offset ratings make offset quality and risks transparent. We make offsets auditable for offset sellers, intermediaries, buyers and investors.
• Outverse — A community platform that's easier to use, better organised and designed for real interaction.
• Dust — Dust is a platform for creating sophisticated processes based on large language models and semantic search.

Portfolio highlights

• HotelRunner — HotelRunner is a cloud based hotel online sales and channel manager tool with an online marketing suite. Power your online sales now!
• ManholeMetrics — We are a multi-award winning sensor and analytics start-up on a mission to stop flooding and bring wastewater into the 21st Century.
• SuperFi — SuperFi Finance is a financial application that provides personalized debt support. The company was founded in 2021 and is based in London, England.

Portfolio highlights

• Plotbox — Award winning Cemetery and Crematory management software that enables world class death care facility operations. Fully integrated software and true digital mapping solve long standing problems and accelerates business development. Various packages available.
• Partful — Make sure customers get the right parts first time, every time with digital 3D parts catalogue software and digital work instructions.
• Manus Neurodynamica — Manus Neurodynamica is a triage device to support early diagnostics in Parkinson's disease.

Portfolio highlights

• Barte — VBarte is a benchmark for B2B interactions. They designed it to automate payment procedures in Latin America. They optimize cash flow management for small and midsize enterprises through automated payments and revenue-based financing, enabling users to get easy access to financial metrics and credit payments.
• CUR8 — Even if we do everything else right on reducing emissions, the world still needs to remove up to 220 Gigatonnes of carbon from the atmosphere by 2050
• SuperFi — SuperFi Finance is a financial application that provides personalized debt support. The company was founded in 2021 and is based in London, England.

Portfolio highlights

• Bio-Images Drug Delivery — BDD Pharma combine drug delivery expertise and clinical capabilities to accelerate product development pipelines, enable life cycle management and new innovative pharmaceutical products. Rapid parallel clinical testing with SWIFT significantly reduces time from product concept to clinical success.
• IOTech — Discover IOTech Systems, the open edge data platform for developing, deploying, and managing Industrial Edge applications at scale. Find out more here.
• Administrate — Manage 100% of enterprise training operations with configurable training management software, designed to scale with your organization.

Portfolio highlights

• Automata — Automata is a deep-tech company that creates products that empower people to automate physical work. The company's product, Eva, is a lightweight and affordable robot arm built for professionals in a production line, in a lab, a home workshop or even in a classroom. People don't need to be technical experts to communicate with robots. Theweb-based software platform can be programmed by anyone, anywhere, any time, from any device, making it easy to reconfigure for a wide range of different tasks.Automata was founded on 2015 and is headquartered in London, England.
• Awell Health — Ollie is a vast library of over 100 interface blocks with complete Webflow CMS integration. Build beautiful websites in less time than ever.
• Pencil Biosciences — Next Generation Genome Editing Tool

Portfolio highlights

• CYCLE — GetHenry is a rapidly growing subscription service for market-leading delivery companies. We make sure that thousands of couriers are on the move safely, quickly and comfortably every day. In this way, we not only create added value for delivery services, but also help to reduce transport-related CO2 emissions on the last mile.
• Itana — Talent City’s mission is to build a network of charter cities that focuses on creating technology-enabled jobs within a free trade zone with its own regulation and bylaws.
• Translucent — Translucent is next-gen accounting software.

Portfolio highlights

• Odore — Our platform enables the world's leading brands to sample their products more effectively.
• Decently — Decently provides the world a better place by developing advanced digital products. Decently mission is to improve lives through innovative digital product.
• TrainThis.AI — TrainThis.AI revolutionizes the way you manage and coach your team. Say goodbye to wasting hours on call reviews and email reading just to provide feedback on a fraction of the work. The company's real-time feedback system empowers your reps to receive continuous input on their work, eliminating poor-quality outcomes and maximizing thebenefits of ongoing feedback.

Portfolio highlights

• IOTech — Discover IOTech Systems, the open edge data platform for developing, deploying, and managing Industrial Edge applications at scale. Find out more here.
• MarraBio — MarraBio Ltd. is a spin out company from Newcastle University using engineered bacterial protein polymers to provide bioactivity to cells at the industrial scale in the cultivated meat sector and beyond.
• Peek Home — Peek Home provides sketch plans, prices and planning advice for people who are puzzled by the process of creating their perfect home. All we need is your house number & postcode - no home visit needed.

Portfolio highlights

• PocDoc — Smart health in your hands
• APEXX — The APEXX payment gateway consolidates global payment providers into a single integration point, optimising the cost of complex payment ecosystems.
• measurable.energy — Machine Learning and hardware platform to eliminate wasted energy and GHG emissions in buildings

Portfolio highlights

• Mindgard — Mindgard rapidly uncovers cyber threats against Artificial Intelligence. Our product empowers businesses to securely deploy their mission-critical AI within an everchanging cyber landscape.
• Signaloid — Signaloid provides efficient computing hardware and software technologies to quantify, transmit, and track data uncertainty in computations.
• AccelerComm — Our patented, market-leading IP solutions for 4G and 5G are configurable for quick, high-performance implementations across a wide range of applications.

Portfolio highlights

• RoboK — A Cambridge University spin-out building cost-effective 3D sensing software technology
• Tenzo — Tenzo is a restaurant analytics and AI forecasting platform for restaurants, pubs and cafes. Tenzo makes running restaurants easy with full data visibility.
• Riverlane — Riverlane's mission is to make quantum computing useful far sooner than previously imaginable, starting an era of human progress as significant as the industrial and digital revolutions.

Portfolio highlights

• RoboK — A Cambridge University spin-out building cost-effective 3D sensing software technology
• Mogrify — Mogrify is pioneering a new class of in vivo reprogramming therapy and transforming the development of ex vivo cell therapy.
• PharmEnable — Designing the next generation of small molecule drugs. Replicating the specificity of biologics in the scalable form of a small molecule.

Portfolio highlights

• Odore — Our platform enables the world's leading brands to sample their products more effectively.
• Supportwave — NerdApp offers online or on-site tech support for your home or small business. Just sign up and book a Nerd instantly or schedule at your convenience!
• Fantastic Days — Fantastic Days is a beauty social intelligence platform provider.

Portfolio highlights

• Enzai — Enzai's AI governance platform allows you to build and deploy AI with confidence. Measure your progress in AI responsibility, and get actionable steps with our 3-minute maturity assessment.
• MDD systems — MDDSystems provides high-quality consultancy and design services in Sensor measurement, Data monitoring, and recording, Wireless data transmission, Data analysis, Project Management. ,
• Continuum Industries — Continuum Industries is a developer of Optioneer, the leading software for linear infrastructure optioneering.

Portfolio highlights

• Outverse — A community platform that's easier to use, better organised and designed for real interaction.
• Quench.ai — Quench is a tech infrastructure for video creators to deliver exclusive content, engage and reward their true fans.
• Statement — Find the right card machine for your business, with good rates and the best features. Search the top providers in minutes, including Worldpay, Barclaycard, Tyl and Teya.

Portfolio highlights

• TidalSense — CRiL was formed in April 2013 specifically to develop innovative medical devices to diagnose and manage respiratory conditions. They have been building a platform technology, N-Tidal, based on the measurement and analysis of tidal breathing CO2 throughout the entire breath.
• Qkine — Growth Factors made for stem cells Animal-free We control every step of protein manufacture ensuring all our products are completely animal-free Total transparency Stringent purity and bioactivity testing data for all proteins - know what you are giving your cells Protein innovation Our R&D team
• FundamentalVR — Implement a customized, flexible, and cost-effective training solution to accelerate the rollout of your medical device, surgical robotic system, or product.

Portfolio highlights

• Arkifi — Arkifi is an artificial intelligence company that develops AI-powered financial analyst tools. Arkifi's framework generates consistent results that avoid fabricating factual details (referred to as "hallucination"), instilling enterprises with an unmatched level of confidence in the outcomes.
• Kavida.ai — Kavida helps procurement managers ensure on time deliveries and improve supplier collaboration.
• Renew Risk — Renew Risk is a software development firm that offers B2B SaaS solutions based on deep science for optimizing the financial lifetime of major renewable energy assets.

Portfolio highlights

• autone — Autone is a SaaS operational platform enabling retail & CPG businesses to make optimal decisions easily and quickly
• Genie — Genie is a productive web development framework in Julia. Build web applications, UIs, backends, integrate with databases, set up web services and APIs.
• Purpose Green — Purpose Green operates as a climatetech company.

Portfolio highlights

• Apron — Sort, pay and reconcile your invoices in seconds.
• Worldover — Cosmetic compliance made simple
• Class Companion — Class Companion is a new AI technology that allows professors to provide students with immediate, individualized feedback.

Portfolio highlights

• MarraBio — MarraBio Ltd. is a spin out company from Newcastle University using engineered bacterial protein polymers to provide bioactivity to cells at the industrial scale in the cultivated meat sector and beyond.
• Power Roll — Power Roll has reinvented solar to generate energy anywhere and everywhere, using any surface.
• Laverock Therapeutics — Laverock Therapeutics is developing a gene silencing platform for the creation of programmable, allogeneic cell therapies.

Portfolio highlights

• PandasAI — PandasAI is a Python library that integrates generative artificial intelligence capabilities into pandas, making dataframes conversational
• Raft — Remove the roadblocks to amazing operations. Vector uses real-time content to drive seriously-streamlined workflows in Freight-Forwarding, Customs Brokerage, Logistics and Trade Finance.
• Presentient Technologies — Presentient Technologies provides pharmaceutical and drug research businesses with real-time and predictive information on the status of clinical trials through the meristem platform.

Portfolio highlights

• Umedeor — uMed is a technology platform embedded across a global network of healthcare providers that automates the process of building prospective, protocolized patient registries. This enables sites to participate in dozens of programmes simultaneously without increasing overhead or burden on staff. For life science companies, uMed provides access toregulator quality data, where patients within those datasets can be compliantly re-engaged to support the aims of R&D and post-market teams
• tem. — In a few simple steps we can manage your renewable energy needs forever.
• Ramp Growth — How many users will your mobile game acquire, and how much more will they pour into your virtual economy? Try Ramp to find out.

Portfolio highlights

• Medwing — MEDWING serves as the most trusted and convenient platform for finding opportunities and working in healthcare. From temporary to permanent staffing, we simplify hiring, allowing healthcare professionals to do what they do best -- care. MEDWING Berlin-based company wants to empower healthcare candidates to work in a way that suits their individuallifestyles and to support hospitals and care facilities in recruiting and human resource management.
• Paytrix — Access the best payments infrastructure around the world, all through a single platform.
• Vedanta Biosciences — Vedanta Biosciences is a developer of immunotherapies designed to treat immune-mediated and infectious diseases. The company's immunotherapies include a suite of proprietary assays to select pharmacologically potent strains, vast proprietary datasets from human interventional studies, and facilities for cGMP-compliant manufacturing ofrationally-defined bacterial consortia in powder form, enabling physicians to access live bacteria drug to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases easily.It was founded in 2010 and is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Portfolio highlights

• CanSense — CanSense is a developer of an inexpensive and scalable blood test intended for early diagnosis of bowel cancer.
• Stratigens — Talent intelligence software| external people analytics | Diversity, location planning and skills data to inform strategy | Data based decision making
• 2B Enterprising — 2B Enterprising offers an enterprise education program for primary schools that aims to inspire next generation and foster an entrepreneurial mindset.

Portfolio highlights

• Atoa — Accept in-store payments using any UK Bank App. Merchants save up-to 70% versus cards and get paid faster. Sign-up in three minutes.
• BoomFi — All-in-one solution to send, accept and convert crypto payments. Fast multi-chain crypto and fiat settlement. Get started today.
• Fertifa — Fertifa is an innovative employer benefit solution making fertility care more accessible and affordable.The company works with employers to offer a valuable employee benefit which bridges the gap between an employer and their employees when dealing with the sensitivity and privacy of employees’ reproductive issues. It also offers guidance andadvice, next-generation fertility treatment, and access to a range of holistic services for the best chance of success. The company was founded in 2019 and based in London, United Kingdom.

Portfolio highlights

• Shoorah — Shoorah is a fresh and comprehensive wellbeing app that helps you support your mental health and nourish your wellbeing.
• Taylor & Hart — Taylor & Hart's mission is to create and deliver engagement rings that allow people to truly express themselves in a way that captures the emotions they feel for each other.- Offering over 100,000 ethically sourced GIA graded diamonds to choose from.- Winner of "Best New Jeweler 2014" and nominated for numerous otherawards.- Crowd-fundeded through Seedrs twice raising over $500,000- Notable mentions in the Telegraph, Guardian, Elle, Glamour, Forbes, FT- Customer rating of over 9.6/10 from over 120 reviews.- Team members based in London, UK and Sofia, Bulgaria- Transacted over $2m over the last 12 months.- Set a pink diamond on the inside of every ring as a trademark
• Splint Invest — Splint Invest is a B2B2C platform, where customers can buy tokens of alternative investments. Combining smart contracts, DLT and AI, we tokenize real-world assets effortless and fully automated.

Portfolio highlights

• Quaisr — Quaisr develops simulations for the full digital-twin lifecycle.
• Veratrak — Veratrak connects the life sciences supply chain, pairing innovation with breakthrough technologies to deliver remarkable results.
• Gable — Bridge the communication gap between data producers and data consumers

Portfolio highlights

• CanSense — CanSense is a developer of an inexpensive and scalable blood test intended for early diagnosis of bowel cancer.
• Workbuzz — Issue employee engagement surveys with WorkBuzz - a fast, simple, and flexible platform with expert consultancy. Try it now!
• Centuro Global — Centuro Global helps you go global.We help startups, scaleups & corporates enter new markets around the world. All your international expansion needs are serviced from one platform, whether you need legal support, tax & accounting, HR, opening a bank account or finding office space, we can assist across the board.Our innovativeplatform, Centuro Connect, contains blueprints on how to do business in over 150 countries, provides live chat advice, and access to local experts around the world. Instead of losing time undertaking Google searches for relevant information and identifying trusted, cost-effective service providers, find all your solutions through Centuro Connect.Come to us for services including; Legal, Immigration, Intellectual Property, Scaling & Expansion, New Market Entry, Tax & Accounting and much more.Receive advice, find service providers, investors and like minded individuals, and seamlessly grow your business.Book a free consultation with us: www.centuroglobal.com

Portfolio highlights

• Molymem — Molymem enhances the performance of filtering membranes used in separation processes including desalination and the removal of industrial contaminants.
• Silveray — Silveray develop affordable large-area direct conversion detectors for the X-ray imaging market.
• Five Alarm Bio — Five Alarm Bio is a drug discovery company. Five Alarm intends to use discoveries to provide secure and efficient remedies for a variety of age-related illnesses and limitations. Five Alarm Bio is creating a small molecule strategy to strengthen the body's defense against aging.

Portfolio highlights

• Navenio — Navenio is a software technology company that provides location-based services for indoor environments via mobile applications. Its solution provides an improvement on other indoor localization technologies, having the ability to locate people without the need for implementing, managing, or surveying any new building hardware such as beacons orwi-fi. Navenio’s intelligent workforce solution unlocks significant improvements in the efficiency and workflow of staff and teams through automation that is carefully driven from real-world best practice.The company was founded in 2015 and is headquartered in Oxford, England.
• AlveoGene — Welcome to AlveoGene Transforming Rare Respiratory Disease Outcomes Using Inhaled Gene Therapy More information
• Sitryx Therapeutics — Sitryx is a biopharmaceutical company focused on regulating cell metabolism to develop first-in-class disease modifying therapeutics in immuno-oncology and immuno-inflammation. The company was co-founded by a team of world-leading scientists from the United States and Europe who have contributed significantly to the field of immunometabolism.Sitryx was founded in 2018 with seed funding from SV Health Investors and raised $30 million Series A funding from an international syndicate of specialist investors including SV Health Investors, Sofinnova Partners, Longwood Fund and GSK. The company has a pipeline of projects at multiple stages of drug discovery. Sitryx is headquartered in Oxford, UK.

Portfolio highlights

• Umedeor — uMed is a technology platform embedded across a global network of healthcare providers that automates the process of building prospective, protocolized patient registries. This enables sites to participate in dozens of programmes simultaneously without increasing overhead or burden on staff. For life science companies, uMed provides access toregulator quality data, where patients within those datasets can be compliantly re-engaged to support the aims of R&D and post-market teams
• Ascento — Secure, maintain, and inspect outdoor assets by reducing the intervention times and augmenting data capturing capability.
• Continuum Industries — Continuum Industries is a developer of Optioneer, the leading software for linear infrastructure optioneering.

Portfolio highlights

• Zelt — Manage everything from HRIS, payroll, pension, devices, apps and more seamlessly in one central hub, for all processes and applications, third-party included. Improve productivity through enhanced employee experience.
• Treefera — Treefera is transforming the way the world approaches forest data and conservation, to create a clear future for the carbon market and the planet.
• Browse AI — Monitor any webpage for changes. Download any data on the web as a spreadsheet. Turn any website into an API.

Portfolio highlights

• Shot Scope — The official Shot Scope website. Golf watches, range finders and performance tracking that help lower your score and handicap. Buy direct online today!
• PneumoWave — Empowering Intervention and Prevention for Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression
• Vector Photonics — Vector Photonics is a spin-out company from the University of Glasgow and is based in Glasgow, Scotland, one of the UK and world’s Optical and Photonics centres of excellence.

Portfolio highlights

• PocDoc — Smart health in your hands
• APEXX — The APEXX payment gateway consolidates global payment providers into a single integration point, optimising the cost of complex payment ecosystems.
• Makers — Start your tech journey in 16 weeks. Become a software developer, data engineer, cloud or quality engineer. Remote or hybrid options!

Portfolio highlights

• Reserv — We are a premier claims platform, born from state-of-the-art data intelligence and talent management technology.
• TreasurySpring — We search out the best cash investments on the planet and deliver them through a simple digital portal. All you need to do is click some buttons.
• Project Admission — A software solution that integrates with ticketing platforms, Project Admission makes buying, transferring, and reselling tickets simple, intuitive, and effective.

Portfolio highlights

• Anytype — for those who celebrate trust & autonomy.
• Swallow — A modern pricing platform that separates pricing from the rest of your code. Swallow increases the speed and confidence of pricing changes for greater growth and profitability.
• Outverse — A community platform that's easier to use, better organised and designed for real interaction.

Portfolio highlights

• Seriously Low Carb — Award Winning. Consumer brand of choice. Real food that's Keto and Low Carb friendly. The home of the Seriously Low Carb Loaf, the Seriously Low Carb Pizza and now lots of other products too.
• Laserthrust — Laserthrust is developing and producing a 3D-printed, super-cavitating electric craft capable of traveling from Norwich, UK, to Amsterdam. The company's marine goods are made completely of recycled and recyclable FDM 3D-printed materials, with a particular emphasis on TPU-based materials.
• Luxury Cottages — Find a luxury holiday cottage to rent in the UK. Our handpicked holiday homes at Luxury Cottages are carefully selected by our luxury travel experts.

Portfolio highlights

• Connectd — Online platform underpinned by smart matching technology directly connecting the UK’s leading Founders, Investors & NAMs.
• Five Alarm Bio — Five Alarm Bio is a drug discovery company. Five Alarm intends to use discoveries to provide secure and efficient remedies for a variety of age-related illnesses and limitations. Five Alarm Bio is creating a small molecule strategy to strengthen the body's defense against aging.
• Pencil Biosciences — Next Generation Genome Editing Tool

Portfolio highlights

• Intanify — Intanify is an AI software platform that assists businesses in identifying, categorizing, and valuing intangible assets. It develops solutions that assist organizations in clarifying their intangible assets, allowing them to better evaluate, manage, and preserve these assets.
• PROSPECT 100 — PROSPECT 100 is building the digital space for co-creation, democratizing the creative industries
• Bea Fertility — Bea Fertility is a monthly subscription program that provides users with at-home fertility treatment and ovulation tracking.

Portfolio highlights

• Covatic — We help media companies deliver private-by-design, addressable advertising and marketing without exposing personal data.
• Sticky — Sticky is the no-code platform (operating system) for physical spaces that makes every interaction 10 seconds or less.
• Percayso Inform — Percayso provides insurers with access to a wide range of data sources, allowing them to form a more comprehensive view of their customers.

Portfolio highlights

• Commonplace — Commonplace is an online citizen engagement platform. We help you to engage with more community members, collect their ideas and make better places.
• Flywheel.io — Flywheel is a data management and analysis platform built specifically for scientists and the researcher's workflow. They empower research momentum by focusing on data and medical image capture, content management, scientific computation, and collaboration. With reproducible research in mind, they combine open-source methods from topuniversities, a modern web user interface, and an extensible compute engine based on containerization technology. The result is a software platform to accelerate discovery and help researchers do science, not IT.Flywheel accelerates new scientific discoveries in life-science, biotech, and academic imaging research through cloud-scale collaboration. As a result, imaging researchers are able to avoid innovation bottlenecks, and accelerate discovery by doing more science, and less IT.
• Social Value Portal — Backed the National TOMs Framework, Social Value Portal helps organisations measure, report and enhance their social value.

Portfolio highlights

• Avoca Clinic — The Avoca Clinic is Ireland's only plastic surgery clinic. Our World Class Consultants are all Irish Medical Council Registered. Book a free consultation today
• Stellar Omada — Stellar Omada delivers leading business & digital transformation that exceeds expectations in a constantly changing world. Contact us.
• Machine Discovery — Machine Discovery is a University of Oxford spin-out commercializing new machine learning technology. We leverage proprietary neural network technology to accelerate expensive calculations — and we do it with minimal data and 99.9% fidelity.

Portfolio highlights

• Delta g — Delta g Limited is a quantum technology and gravity gradiometry company. A spin-out from the University of Birmingham our technology has applications in industries as varied as civil engineering, infrastructure, defence, rail, navigation and resource exploration. Experts from science, engineering an
• EarSwitch — Empowering new ways to control and connect with the world through in-ear biometric switch and sensor technology
• RAB Microfluidics — We diagnose early signs of failure in lubricated machinery and prevent equipment failure using our patented microfluidic technology and AI technology.

Portfolio highlights

• FitFlo — FitFlo brings to life the connected gym experience for Operators, Trainers and Members.
• Mole — Mole is a digital business card and mobile website software. Connect with your clients, promote your business online and much more. Comes with free customised NFC business card.
• Optacloud — Fostering a global AI powered ecosystem to achieve 100% cloud efficacy-> effortlessly, economically and eco-consciously. Dev tools stack for automating the entire development lifecycle of cloud apps across- Build, Deploy & Optimize.

Portfolio highlights

• Bequest — We're building a better way to protect you and your family, starting with personalised pay-as-you-go life insurance. Backed by Aviva.
• Disputed — FinLegal is legaltech for the business of disputes. Our solutions allow you to fund and insure your litigation through litigation funding and after-the-event insurance, automate volume and class actions and get more clients through working with marketing service providers.
• Robin AI — Robin AI is a legal tech company based in London, made up of engineers, lawyers, scientists and operations specialists.

Portfolio highlights

• Scan.com — Use scan.com to find the best medical imaging centers near you Find an MRI scan, CT scan, X-ray Scan, or other diagnostic imaging scan with scan.com.
• HelloSelf — The UK's Trusted Online Private Clinical Therapy Service
• Legislate — Legislate is an easy-to-use contract management platform which provides a suite of customisable contracts for businesses and landlords.

Portfolio highlights

• Bequest — We're building a better way to protect you and your family, starting with personalised pay-as-you-go life insurance. Backed by Aviva.
• Disputed — FinLegal is legaltech for the business of disputes. Our solutions allow you to fund and insure your litigation through litigation funding and after-the-event insurance, automate volume and class actions and get more clients through working with marketing service providers.
• Robin AI — Robin AI is a legal tech company based in London, made up of engineers, lawyers, scientists and operations specialists.

Portfolio highlights

• AAZZUR — One-stop-shop for APIs and embeddable Front-end-modules connected to a smart marketplace for BaaS- and Fintech-Services
• OnCare — Home care software | care management system
• SupaPass — The most powerful content app maker on the market. Finally have all of your content, audience & paywall in one place to turn your audience into a business.

Portfolio highlights

• 9fin — Everything you need to analyse a credit, or win a mandate in one platform. Our full suite of high yield data products is loved by Investment Banks, Sales & Trading, Law Firms, Asset Managers and Hedge Funds.
• Purple Dot — Sell More by Selling Earlier
• Symbiotica — Symbiotica operates as an AI research firm focussed on trade execution challenges presented by modern capital markets. We've engineered a platform that facilitates full visibility of all pools of liquidity (natural trading interest) across a complex and fragmented European trading landscape.