Top 50 SaaS Startup Investors in Ukraine (May 2026)

Portfolio highlights

• Imabys — Imabys - Influence marketing by subscription
• AssayMe — AssayMe App helps you measure and interpret 10 important parameters of your body in just 2 minutes. Click on any test button on the menu to learn more about possible risks of being outside of a normal range of values for a particular indicator.
• Recoshelf — Recoshelf is RetailTech SAAS company that helps retailers and suppliers to increase sales by 5-6%. With our IoT and AI tools we provide precise information about the product availability on the shelf, type of product, conditions and price competitiveness. Also we free employees from routine processes like manual audits, checks of price tags, promosand planogram. Thus we cut personnel costs and dramatically increase business process efficiency, customers loyalty and management control.

Portfolio highlights

• Osavul — Osavul is a software company focused on developing AI-powered solutions for information security. Protect states, businesses and society from disinformation, influence operations and foreign interference.
• Prengi — Prengi builds an extensive facility management platform with thorough reporting that keeps track of all maintenance procedures for shopping malls and retail chains.
• Aspichi — Aspichi is developing platform to provide audio/visual teleportation services based on 360 video and VR technologies.

Portfolio highlights

• Deskree — Generate a complete and scalable back-end infrastructure with tons of features via a web interface. Infinitely scalable & truly independent.
• Filmustage — Filmustage is the first AI-based solution for automatically breakdown movie scripts in seconds. Designed to save you time on routine tasks.
• NewHomesMate (formerly Propertymate) — Find, compare and buy a new construction home - all in one place.

Portfolio highlights

• Giza — Giza changes this by using zero-knowledge cryptography to bring model inferencing on-chain, unlocking a new depth for smart contract design.
• Utorg — Utorg is a fintech company that offers а modern on/off-ramp and web3 consumer infrastructure to deliver а top-notch user experience. The company is EU-based and holds a license for providing a virtual currency service, in particular exchanging a virtual currency against fiat currency, virtual currency wallet service, and exchanging virtualcurrency against a virtual currency.Utorg was founded in 2020 and is based in Tallinn, Estonia.
• Cube3.ai — CUBE3.AI is a web3 security platform that provides real-time transaction protection for smart contracts, safeguarding against cyber exploits, fraud, and compliance risks.

Portfolio highlights

• ShapesXR — ShapesXR is a provider of a web-based platform for content creation and collaboration for VR applications.
• Hyperspec-ai — Hyperspec AI uses machine learning to create dynamic maps of the world. These maps show the robots and self-driving cars where objects are and how they are related to each other. This information helps the robots and self-driving cars navigate complex environments and make decisions about where to go next.Hyperspec AI's maps are constantly being updated, which means that the robots and self-driving cars are always aware of the latest changes in the environment. This helps them to avoid obstacles and make safe decisions in real time.Hyperspec AI's maps are also able to handle uncertainty. This means that the robots and self-driving cars can still make safe decisions even when they are not sure what is happening. This is important for situations like bad weather or construction zones.Hyperspec AI's maps are able to solve problems without intervention. This means that the robots and self-driving cars can figure out what to do on their own, without having to be told by a human. This is important for situations where it is not possible or practical for a human to intervene.
• ControlRooms.ai — This is a custom view from ControlRooms -- an AI-based monitoring and troubleshooting tool for chemical plant operators and engineers to meet their uptime goals.

Portfolio highlights

• Promin Aerospace — Democratizing space and making it available to every country, organization and person.
• Onlizer — Onlizer allows connecting services and automates processes fast and efficient without coding.
• Drope.me — We connect gaming companies, micro streamers and their communities in performance marketing campaigns.

Portfolio highlights

• BINARLY — Binarly is the world's most advanced automated firmware supply chain security platform. Using cutting-edge machine-learning techniques, Binary identifies both known and unknown vulnerabilities, misconfigurations, and malicious code in firmware and hardware components.
• EasyDMARC — Get started with EasyDMARC to stop hackers from sending emails from your domain. EasyDMARC provides the best email authentication tools like DMARC, SPF, and DKIM
• Finverity — Finverity provides technology, working capital and expertise to give banks, NBFIs, financiers and companies a strategic advantage in supply chain finance.

Portfolio highlights

• OKHOME — OKHOME adalah penyedia jasa kebersihan terbaik untuk rumah, apartemen dan berbagai tempat yang membutuhkan pembersih profesional.
• Dexalot — A revolutionary decentralized exchange aiming at bringing the traditional centralized exchange look and feel through a decentralized on-chain application
• Fintech Farm — Fintech Farm is a newly launched fintech startup based in the U.K. that creates digital banks in emerging markets.

Portfolio highlights

• Zeely — Zeely is a website development platform designed to assist businesses in marketing their web pages. The company's platform allows businesses to create and promote websites without using codes or UI/UX designs, and these codes can be linked with Google Ads or other social media platforms to increase reach, allowing businesses to create awebpage based on AI and expand their audience network.
• Kwaaka — Kwaaka is a subscription-based service that integrates Food Delivery services like Glovo, Wolt, Bolt Food, Deliveroo direct into restaurants’ point-of-sale systems, streamlining order taking processes and menu management through a single interface and eliminating the requirement for restaurant staff to monitor multiple devices and manually repunchorders into their existing system.
• Yope — Salo is a discussion platform that erases the borders for people with diverse opinions to let anyone speak up and be heard.

Portfolio highlights

• 3DLOOK — 3DLOOK is the global leader in AI-first mobile body scanning solutions enabling brands to virtually replace the entire in-store fitting room experience.
• Influ2 — Influ2 is the first person-based marketing platform, pioneering a new approach to account-based marketing. The solution empowers B2B marketers to target chosen decision-makers, capture their intent, and track engagement at the individual level. The company has 75+ enterprise and medium-sized clients globally, including Fortune 500 B2B enterprisessuch as NVIDIA, Capgemini, and Episerver. Influ2 runs offices in NY and CA, with 50+ employees on board. With Influ2, every user’s engagement is identified. Having this information helps B2B marketers develop more thoughtful and engaging campaigns that result in a 4-7x increase in leads. Influ2 platform allows users to build an audience, upload personalized messages & visuals, and monitor all the interactions on both account and individual levels The behavioral scoring model identifies leads before they submit a lead form. Influ2 includes a person tracker, so marketers can see everyone who has interacted with their campaign by name, company, and other related data. The solution is compatible with Salesforce, HubSpot, Marketo, Creatio, Outreach, ActiveCampaign, and many other CRM and marketing automation platforms.
• Liki24 — Liki24 is a logistics company that features a software platform that utilizes deep integration with partner pharmacies, clinics, and insurance companies. Its software is designed for logistics team coordination, task management, and data management.

Portfolio highlights

• Reface — Reface offers state-of-the-art technology for high-quality face-swapping. Based on GAN (generative adversarial networks) methodology, it works fast and you need only one photo to make a high-quality face-swap.Reface strives to build the first social platform of dynamically personalized media content empowered with machine learning technology.Launched in January 2020, it was ranked as a number one in the US AppStore. The app was downloaded over 70 million times in seven months after it launched. Reface was founded by Roman Mogylnyi, Oles Petriv, Yaroslav Boyko, Denys Dmytrenko, Kyrylo Syhyda, Dima Shvets and Ivan Altsybeiev.Data protection is a social responsibility for Reface. We do not use data for any other purposes except for face-swapping.Work with the B2B segment includes ready-to-use technology and tools for businesses.Reface provides tools for creators to produce great content while keeping the costs down. It’s aimed at advertising and marketing, media, streaming, game development, video production industries, and more.

Portfolio highlights

• Finfra — From application to decisioning to operations - FINFRA provides the necessary infrastructure and services for technology companies to embed financial services to their environment through a seamless integration.
• Fuelfinance — We do your spreadsheets, graphs, and automations. You get P&L, CF, Financial Projections , Plan/Fact , Unit Economics, and finally, peace of mind. All in familiar to you Google Spreadsheets. Forget about months of integrations and insane setup costs. Starting from $999/month.
• Value.Space — Space based risk assessments & monitoring

Portfolio highlights

• Haiqu — Clumsy Hardware needs Careful Software
• Zibra AI — Zibra Liquids is a real-time and cross-platform physically correct fluid simulation plugin for game developers
• datuum — The Data Management platform that can scale your data operations. datuum.ai streamlines any part of your complex data project.

Portfolio highlights

• Pricer24 — The complex decision for distributors, vendors, and manufacturers: MSRP controlling, market and trend analysis, market reports, product analytics, dynamic pricing.
• Stem Sel Srl — Stem Sel Srl is a spin off founded in 2013 by entrepreneurs belonging from the University of Bologna, and participated from AlmaCube Srl and investors. The business of Stem Sel is based on the development, engineering, production and commercialization of an instrumentation (and related consumables), called Celector (R). The disruptive trait ofCelector (R) innovation lies on its proprietary technology for tag-less separation and selection of cells, particularly human stem cells from complex, adult "discarded" tissues (e.g. placenta, umbilical cord, lipoaspirate, dental pulp). These cells are increasingly used for cell therapy applications in regenerative medicine. Celector(R) separates, profile, characterize, counts, isolate and collect best cells without manipulation. Celector(R) is relies on a robust management of IP based on a clusters of different national and international patents on its methods, technologies, and devices for the cell fractionation process.

Portfolio highlights

• ZTX — ZTX is a web-3 virtual world that supports communities and creators. ZTX is a blockchain project that jump crypto and ZEPETO, the largest avatar social network, have collaborated on.
• OpenCover — Cover $5,000 from $1.14 per week on leading protocols including Curve, Uniswap, Aave and more. As seen on CoinDesk, Decrypt, The Block, Coin Telegraph.
• Lumina — Lumina is a zero-knowledge, KYC-enabled, enterprise-ready DEX on Mina.

Portfolio highlights

• U22 — U22 is a media streaming platform.
• Spera — Spera's Identity Security Posture Management platform provides comprehensive visibility and contextualization to prevent, identify, and remediate identity-driven attacks.
• EMARKETING SOLUTIONS, LLC — We help online businesses grow with Our best marketing tips and insights. We provide content on digital marketing tools, software, and online marketing education, All in one place

Portfolio highlights

• My NFT Wars — My NFT Wars is an innovative open-market collectible game with a strong emphasis on RPG and strategy elements. Collect heroes and build your strategy for victory in PVP and PVE battles. Join the world, full of the never-ending struggle for resources, territorial conquest, and political domination.

Portfolio highlights

• Preply — Looking for a tutor? Preply is the best platform for private online lessons with a flexible payment system and affordable prices. Book your first lesson.
• Mate academy — Mate Academy is an edtech startup that helps people get their first job in tech, free until placement (ISA). 1000+ students places with 90% success rate
• Ridge and Partners — Ridge and Partners is a company which provides Cost Management, Project Management, Civil Engineering & Structural Engineering services.

Portfolio highlights

• Castelion — We are a modern defense production company building the next generation of military hypersonic, vehicle, and strike systems to deter future wars.
• Headway — Headway is a mental healthcare system provider based in New York. It develops a health insurance advisory platform designed to connect patients with therapists and provides administrative support to therapists who don’t typically accept insurance. The company was founded by Andrew Adams, Jake Sussman, Dan Ross, and Kevin Chan in 2019.
• Blackbird — We believe the next great hospitality technology platform should connect restaurants and their customers directly, in meaningful and ongoing ways. Blackbird is founded by a team with a passion for restaurants and a track record of using technology to solve problems.

Portfolio highlights

• U22 — U22 is a media streaming platform.
• EMARKETING SOLUTIONS, LLC — Claim Your Free Access Claim Your Free Access Claim Your Free Access Claim Your Free Access Claim Your Free Access Claim Your Free Access
• Dream Business System — we help coaches, course creators, and trainers to build an online coaching business

Portfolio highlights

• meinKauf — meinKauf/miKunu offers an innovative web & mobile platform for mobile retail marketing & brand promotions. Our services are available in Austria, Hungary and Turkey as we are about to enter another new market this year. We are proud to work with the top high street and brick and mortar as well as top FMCG companies in our activemarkets.
• Inventorum — Inventorum’s software enables small retailers to manage their offline and online businesses by supporting daily processes such as point of sale and inventory management. Inventorum combines cash management, inventory management, customer support and e-commerce capability in one system.
• Rubina Real Estate — A full service real estate agency based in Berlin with offices in Hong Kong, Vietnam, China, Washington and Singapore.

Portfolio highlights

• Metadata — Metadata eliminates manual and repetitive work for B2B marketers so you can focus on strategy and creativity.
• Tokinomo — Discover Tokinomo, the in-store interactive robotic promotional display helps FMCG products stand out on the shelves for an average 200% increase in sales.
• Respeecher — Voice cloning: create speech that's indistinguishable from the original speaker. Perfect for filmmakers, game developers, and other content creators.

Portfolio highlights

• U22 — U22 is a media streaming platform.

Portfolio highlights

• Settle (Merged with Allset) — With Settle, you can pre-order lunch at restaurants, so that your food is ready when you arrive. You dine 60% faster, as you skip waiting for your table, food and check. Settle makes lunch your best time of the day by giving you delicious meals and more time for a real break.For restaurants: 100% prepaid orders and tables, 60% fasterturnarounds, new sales online, more effective upselling and more targeted marketing.We focus on popular restaurants in busy areas with breakfast and lunch menu. We offer companies and teams group lunch pre-ordering at restaurants near their offices.In addition to mobile pre-ordering, restaurants can offer specials and happy hours during off-peak time.In Ukraine, we currently take 15-20% commission from restaurants. In the USA, the service will be launched free for restaurants and users. Then we'll try out this model: a small commission on every pre-order for restaurants during off-peak hours and a small fee for users during peak hours.

Portfolio highlights

• mmhmm — Make every virtual meeting better by being on screen with your presentation. Works with Zoom, Meet, Teams, Webex, and more. Download mmhmm for free.
• Zibra AI — Zibra Liquids is a real-time and cross-platform physically correct fluid simulation plugin for game developers

Portfolio highlights

• Yoz Labs — Save time, streamline your development, and reach users on their preferred channels
• Hourglass — Our mission at the Hourglass Collective is to grow adoption of real-world blockchain utility by incubating projects that bridge the crypto space with mainstream entertainment, popular apps, major retail brands and large-scale events
• Term Labs — Fixed rate lending for everyone

Portfolio highlights

• U22 — U22 is a media streaming platform.
• EMARKETING SOLUTIONS, LLC — Claim Your Free Access Claim Your Free Access Claim Your Free Access Claim Your Free Access Claim Your Free Access Claim Your Free Access
• Dream Business System — we help coaches, course creators, and trainers to build an online coaching business

Portfolio highlights

• Cleancard — We are combining synthetic biology and artificial intelligence to make cancer screening as easy as a pregnancy test. Cleancard is bringing lab-grade diagnostics into the comfort of your home. Our novel method enables robust diagnostics and biomarker tracking from the urine in just 30 minutes. Our rapid at-home screens can identify prostate, bladderand ovarian cancers. We are constantly expanding the number of conditions we can detect from a single sample using our platform technology.
• Carepatron — CarePatron software is a healthcare CRM software that allows doctors to see more clients, manage their schedules, and record their notes.
• DRUID — DRUID is an AI platform that allows companies to automate processes by designing and deploying UiPath RPA integrated chatbot virtual assistants.

Portfolio highlights

• Moodmate — I will help you learn more about mental health and self-care, fight stress and stay optimistic no matter what
• OneNotary — Looking for a reliable and convenient online notary service? OneNotary platform offers fully legal and secure notarization services in all 50 states.
• Narrative BI — Narrative BI is an augmented analytics platform for growth teams that automatically generates data insights in natural language.

Portfolio highlights

• Mark — Mark is a digital personal medical assistant that will assist you in caring for your health. It also creates medical services that run on an artificial intelligence platform.

Portfolio highlights

• Respeecher — Voice cloning: create speech that's indistinguishable from the original speaker. Perfect for filmmakers, game developers, and other content creators.

Portfolio highlights

• Yaga — Yaga is designed for everyone who wants to sell items online in a convenient and secure manner.
• Adam — Adam connects you with verified painters and decorators across whole Europe. Get an instant price estimate and book a painter for the next day already!
• Fuelfinance — We do your spreadsheets, graphs, and automations. You get P&L, CF, Financial Projections , Plan/Fact , Unit Economics, and finally, peace of mind. All in familiar to you Google Spreadsheets. Forget about months of integrations and insane setup costs. Starting from $999/month.

Portfolio highlights

• Nethica — Marketplace for truly sustainable fashion
• Workee — Workee is a software platform that builds business for freelancers. Scale and autopilot business routing as bookings, payments, client, and work management.
• Masthead Data — Identify and fix data errors before they impact the business. Masthead gives data teams and data users full confidence in data quality for decision-making.

Portfolio highlights

• Nolus — The Nolus DeFi Lease offers access to the underlying leveraged assets, a margin call risk that is reduced, and up to 150% financing on the initial investment.
• Kolibrio — Node providers, wallets, and bridges connect to Kolibrio BEV relay to improve user experience and maximize value proposition by returning MEV to back the users.

Portfolio highlights

• KWAMBIO — KWAMBIO partners with established and emerging designers to produce a highly curated collection of homewares, accessories, and art, manufactured on-demand in ceramics and metals. KWAMBIO.COM is not only an e-commerce website, but an interactive platform through which the anyone can customize a designer product using our proprietary software ofKWAMBIO Filters that — much like Instagram — can be applied to a designer object to create beautiful variations in form, size, material and finish. The result is a unique one-of-a-kind commission between the designer and customer — 3D printed on-demand by the best manufacturers in the US or Europe.We invite design enthusiasts to engage in the design process through customization — because we believe in offering an object that is not just a product, but a one-of-a-kind commission between the designer and the customer. The company is headquartered in New York, NY. It was founded in 2014 by Vlad Usov and Dmitriy Krivoshey. KWAMBIO was presented to public for the very first time at the London 3D Printshow in September 2014, then at the IDCEE in October 2014 (where the company won the startup competition), and most recently at the New York 3D Printshow in April 2015. We joined the Techstars 2015 Summer class and has raised $1.2 million funding thus far.
• My NFT Wars — My NFT Wars is an innovative open-market collectible game with a strong emphasis on RPG and strategy elements. Collect heroes and build your strategy for victory in PVP and PVE battles. Join the world, full of the never-ending struggle for resources, territorial conquest, and political domination.
• Reply.io — Reply is a multichannel AI Sales Engagement platform that automates email search, LinkedIn outreach, personal emails. ChatGPT chatbot opens a wide range of AI opportunities for individuals and businesses alike.

Portfolio highlights

• Fairo — Fairo provides an app that allows stress-free tax reporting, automated accounting, and banking services.

Portfolio highlights

• Adsee — Adsee is an online recruiting solution that assists with the management of social media recruiting campaigns.

Portfolio highlights

• My NFT Wars — My NFT Wars is an innovative open-market collectible game with a strong emphasis on RPG and strategy elements. Collect heroes and build your strategy for victory in PVP and PVE battles. Join the world, full of the never-ending struggle for resources, territorial conquest, and political domination.

Portfolio highlights

• Chari — Chari is an e-commerce and fintech app for traditional retailers in French-Speaking Africa allowing them to order any consumer goods they sell and get delivered for free in less than 24 hours. Chari is also a financial services provider for these retailers, offering them microloans
• Ecomm-App — Ecomm-App is an online platform that helps online merchants to manage their inventory in real-time and invoice in seconds.
• Fellow Pay — The faster, easier and fairer way to get your invoices paid and speed up your payment cycle. For B2B SMEs with long payment cycles across all industries.

Portfolio highlights

• Meograph — Meograph develops an augmented reality application that makes 3D people from 2D video. It brings users into AR or VR games with their micro-expressions using devices they already have. With just an average smartphone or webcam it literally converts video into 3D locally on the device. The company was founded in 2012 and is headquartered in SanFrancisco, California.
• OffGridBox — An all-in-one system using solar energy to purify water and distribute clean energy. off grid container, offgrid water, off-grid electric products, solar water box, building off grid, power in a box, off grid technology, shipping container solar system
• WorkAround — WorkAround is the accurate, scalable solution for adding human input to your data using an untapped workforce of domain experts.WorkAround's platform enables simple, quick annotation of data. Anything from classifying expenses into tax codes, annotating breast tissue to identify regions of interest, to identifying drug combinations fromclinical trial reports. We have the domain experts and a platform to facilitate a simple, secure processing of customer data and annotations.Companies that using WorkAround services not only save time and get quality service, but are also contributing to a more socially just and productive world where talent knows no boundaries, opportunity doesn’t ask for status, and work is rewarded with fair pay.

Portfolio highlights

• Kolibrio — Node providers, wallets, and bridges connect to Kolibrio BEV relay to improve user experience and maximize value proposition by returning MEV to back the users.
• NORTHSTAKE — Providing institutional investors with access to future economies through secure and trustworthy investment pathways for digital assets
• Monitaur — Reduce operational overhead, improve security, optimize performance, and deliver amazing customer experiences with our end-to-end, hybrid observability & APM platform built for decentralized apps and infrastructure.

Portfolio highlights

• GET Protocol — Supercharge your tickets with NFTs and the Blockchain. Easily implement the latest technology and unlock the benefits of truly digital tickets with GET Protocol.
• Lens Protocol — Lens Protocol is a composable and decentralized social graph, ready for you to build on so you can focus on creating a great experience, not scaling your users.
• Bring It On — Bring It On is a mission to redefine the skill games category, merging strong technological infra.

Portfolio highlights

• Axoni — Axoni is a New York-based capital markets technology firm that specializes in distributed ledger infrastructure. Product offerings include blockchain deployments, large-scale data management, bespoke smart contract development, analytics services, and connectivity tools.
• Impact Nano — Impact Nano aims to solve global challenges in computing, the energy transition, and health collaboratively by employing green chemistry and circular manufacturing approaches. The future of the these industries depends on critical innovations in advanced materials. Our experience and manufacturing capabilities enable us to scale up leadingtechnologies and bring them to market. In pursuing our mission we are guided by our values of respect for one another, our community, and the environment; integrity in our decisions; innovation in our approach; and excellence in our actions.
• 3d Glass Solutions — 3D Glass Solutions provides customers complete glass-enabled systems integration services using their patented APEX® Glass. Their mission is to provide our customers with an integrative solution in electronics and IC packaging that allows them to integrate more components onto a single platform while decreasing overall manufacturing costs.

Portfolio highlights

• Mark — Mark is a digital personal medical assistant that will assist you in caring for your health. It also creates medical services that run on an artificial intelligence platform.

Portfolio highlights

• Baly — Baly is the cheapest and fastest taxi application in Baghdad.
• Swvl — Swvl | Book Your Daily Ride or Make Money Driving Now
• Breadfast — Fast & smooth shopping experience for the household.

Portfolio highlights

• Mindgram — Mindgram is a science-based platform and mobile app for complete mental wellness.
• Zibra AI — Zibra Liquids is a real-time and cross-platform physically correct fluid simulation plugin for game developers
• Bloomcoding — Winner of ASIF Pitch Amsterdam 2020 Winner of ”Mesto. Accelerator” demo day of 2021Currently one of the fastest-growing startups in Moldova and the biggest digital school in Romania, with over 800 students enrolled.Bloomcoding aims to become one of the leading providers of online coding education for K-12 children in Europe. We use a blend ofVirtual and Augmented Reality Ed-Tech, in small live online classes, to re-imagine education, spark curiosity, and blend fun with learning. We believe that to prepare children for the next 100 years, programming is just as essential as writing and reading. Coding is the literacy of the 21st century. Our mission is to teach one million children how to code.

Portfolio highlights

• Jenfi — Drive growth with Jenfi's revenue-based financing. Tailored funding for marketing & expansion. Flexible repayments. Apply now.
• Adwisely — Adwisely is a perfect online ad solution for eCommerce stores with $1.5k+ monthly ad budget
• Revenue Grid — Revenue Grid is a revenue intelligence platform that helps improve sales performance and shifts your CRM from the "view mode" to the "do mode"

Portfolio highlights

• My NFT Wars — My NFT Wars is an innovative open-market collectible game with a strong emphasis on RPG and strategy elements. Collect heroes and build your strategy for victory in PVP and PVE battles. Join the world, full of the never-ending struggle for resources, territorial conquest, and political domination.

Portfolio highlights

• Devyce — The easiest way to get a second UK mobile phone number. Get a new number or bring your own and port it for free. For teams and individuals.
• Mindset Health — Mindset Health is a digital therapeutics company that helps people manage chronic health issues like irritable bowel syndrome and anxiety with app-based hypnotherapy.
• Hubble Network — a Satellite network connecting billions of bluetooth devices. GLOBALLY.

Portfolio highlights

• My NFT Wars — My NFT Wars is an innovative open-market collectible game with a strong emphasis on RPG and strategy elements. Collect heroes and build your strategy for victory in PVP and PVE battles. Join the world, full of the never-ending struggle for resources, territorial conquest, and political domination.